DISCLAIMER & LEGAL NOTICE Legal basis. This website is published in the public interest as an exercise of the right to freedom of expression and information, protected under Article 10 of the European Convention on Human Rights (ECHR) and Article 11 of the EU Charter of Fundamental Rights. It is non-commercial, receives no funding, and serves no competitive purpose. It is prepared for informational, research, and journalistic purposes only.Sources. Content is based on publicly available information, including corporate registry records (Companies House UK, Swiss Commercial Register/Zefix, Cyprus Department of Registrar), regulatory databases (FCA, FINMA, CySEC), published news articles, and third-party consumer complaint platforms (Ripoff Report, Diebewertung.de, Verbraucherschutzforum Berlin). It also includes statements made directly to the author by individuals who identify themselves as affected parties of the entities described. All factual claims derived from public records are sourced and cited accordingly. Readers are encouraged to verify all claims independently using the registry links provided.No assertion of crime. This website does not assert that any named individual or entity has committed any crime or civil wrong. No allegation on this website is made by the author. Where allegations of fraud or misconduct are described, these reflect statements made by identified third-party complainants — whether published on public platforms or communicated directly to the author in private correspondence — and are attributed accordingly. The author makes no representation as to the truth or accuracy of third-party allegations. Where complainant testimony is published, it is reproduced with the consent of the complainant and represents their personal account — not the author’s assertion of fact.Analysis. Where analysis and interpretation appear, these are clearly labeled as the author’s assessment of publicly available information, not statements of proven fact. This website does not constitute legal, financial, or investment advice.Personal data & proportionality. Personal data published on this website is limited to information already in the public domain via corporate registries, regulatory databases, and published complaint platforms. It is processed for journalistic purposes in the public interest, within the meaning of GDPR Article 85 and Article 6(1)(f) (legitimate interest). The individuals named on this website hold or held director, officer, or signatory positions in commercial entities that offer financial services to the public. Publication is proportionate to the public interest in transparency regarding these commercial activities, given the volume and consistency of independent third-party complaints spanning multiple jurisdictions and more than a decade.Right of reply. The author invites any named individual or entity to provide corrections, clarifications, or responses, which will be published in full and without editorial modification. Substantiated corrections will be incorporated into the content of this website. No response has been received to date.Content removal requests. Any person who believes content on this website is inaccurate or unlawful may submit a substantiated removal request to the contact address below, specifying the content at issue, the legal basis for removal, and supporting evidence. All requests will be reviewed in good faith and responded to within 30 days.
This website presents facts from public records, attributes allegations to their sources, and clearly labels analysis.
© 2026 Independent Research. Published in the public interest.